Health care-associated invasive Candida infections in children

The aims of the study were to examine the distribution of Candida spp. isolated from sterile body sites, the antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to amphotericin B, and fluconazole, risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with invasive health care-associated Candida infections in neonates and children. Between January 2007 and January 2012, the patients with invasive candidiasis were detected from microbiology laboratary records and medical records were examined retrospectively. Candida spp. were isolated from sterile body sites in 94 patients. The most common underlying diseases were prematurity in neonates and surgery in children. Parenteral nutrition, stay in intensive care unit (ICU), and mechanical ventilation (MV) were major risk factors in neonates. Hospitalization before infection and immunosuppressant therapy were significantly more frequent in children. Of Candida infection episodes, 29.8% was due to C. albicans and 70.2% was due to non-albicans Candida spp. The most common isolated species was C. parapsilosis. Of the Candida species, 90.8% were sensitive, and 9.2% were resistant to fluconazole. The rate of amphotericin B resistant was 1.3%; 23.4% of the patients died in the first 30 days. The main variables associated with mortality were neonates, prematurity, stay in the ICU, parenteral nutrition, MV, length of stay, amphotericin B susceptibility, and high levels of C-reactive protein.