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Axillary web syndrome: Incidence, pathogenesis, and management.

Konstantinos Dinas1, Matthias Kalder2, Leonidas Zepiridis1

  • 1Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

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Axillary web syndrome (AWS) is a common complication after breast cancer surgery. While often self-limiting, physiotherapy may help manage this condition, and less invasive procedures are expected to reduce its occurrence.

Keywords:
Axillary lymph node dissectionAxillary web syndromeBreast cancerPhysiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Complications
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Axillary web syndrome (AWS) involves fibrotic bands in the axilla post-axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer.
  • AWS is a frequent complication, causing significant morbidity despite being self-limited in most cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management of axillary web syndrome.
  • To highlight the role of physiotherapy and evolving surgical techniques in AWS management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on axillary web syndrome.
  • Analysis of incidence, risk factors, and treatment modalities.
  • Discussion of the impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection.

Main Results:

  • Axillary web syndrome is a common post-surgical complication with significant morbidity.
  • Physiotherapy shows promise as a beneficial management strategy.
  • Minimally invasive diagnostic procedures are anticipated to decrease AWS incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of AWS requires a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, oncologists, and physiotherapists.
  • The shift towards less invasive nodal staging is expected to lower the occurrence of AWS.
  • Further research into optimal AWS management strategies is warranted.