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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts
Published on: May 16, 2020
Fibroblast growth factors in skeletal development
David M Ornitz1, Pierre J Marie2
1Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Abstract:
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are expressed throughout all stages of skeletal development. In the limb bud and in cranial mesenchyme, FGF signaling is important for formation of mesenchymal condensations that give rise to bone. Once skeletal elements are initiated and patterned, FGFs regulate both endochondral and intramembranous ossification programs. In this chapter, we review functions of the FGF signaling pathway during these critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explore skeletal malformations in humans that are caused by mutations in FGF signaling molecules.
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