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Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

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Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair
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Extraperitoneal laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: one step beyond.

J Ruíz1,2,3, A Barrios2,3, A Lora1,3

  • 1Clínica Colombia, Cl 127 #20-78, Bogotá, Colombia.

Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and Abdominal Wall Surgery
|March 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using the totally extraperitoneal approach offers good outcomes and lower costs. This method avoids mesh-bowel contact, reducing potential complications in hernia surgery.

Keywords:
ExtraperitonealIncisional herniaLaparoscopyMeshTAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal)TEP (totally extraperitoneal)

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Abdominal Wall Reconstruction

Background:

  • Ventral hernias are common surgical conditions.
  • Laparoscopic techniques are increasingly used for hernia repair.
  • Extraperitoneal approaches aim to minimize complications associated with mesh placement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the experience of two Colombian surgical departments with laparoscopic extraperitoneal ventral hernia repair.
  • To characterize clinical and surgical aspects of these procedures.
  • To evaluate outcomes and complications of the extraperitoneal approach.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, observational case series study.
  • Data collected from clinical histories over a 2-year period.
  • Analysis included frequency and central tendency measurements.

Main Results:

  • 59 laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs were performed.
  • 41 Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) and 18 Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) approaches were used.
  • Seven complications occurred: 1 recurrence, 1 chronic pain, 2 Dindo-Clavien IIIa, 1 Dindo-Clavien IIIb.

Conclusions:

  • The extraperitoneal route for ventral hernia repair is an innovative and increasingly popular approach.
  • This technique avoids direct mesh-intestine contact, potentially reducing complications.
  • The extraperitoneal approach demonstrates good outcomes and cost-effectiveness.