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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Simplified Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps NETs Isolation and Handling

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Published on: April 16, 2015

Quantitative changes in perineuronal nets in development and posttraumatic condition.

Nikita Lipachev^1,2, Nikita Arnst^1,3, Anastasiia Melnikova^1,4

¹Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 4, P.O.Box 56, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.

Journal of Molecular Histology

|March 24, 2019

Summary

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) mature with increased chondroitin sulfate in the developing mouse brain. Following spinal cord injury, PNNs show altered expression and size, indicating their role in CNS tissue remodeling.

Keywords:

Brain development Extracellular matrix Perineuronal nets Somatosensory cortex Spinal cord injury

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Published on: August 23, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Extracellular Matrix Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures in the central nervous system (CNS).
PNNs regulate synaptic plasticity and are implicated in neurological disorders and posttraumatic regeneration.
Understanding PNN dynamics is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for CNS injury and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify PNN size and chondroitin sulfate enrichment during PNN establishment in the developing mouse brain.
To investigate PNN alterations in the spinal cord following injury.
To elucidate the role of PNNs in CNS development and posttraumatic remodeling.

Main Methods:

Histological analysis of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-stained brain and spinal cord sections from mice.
Quantification of PNN size and chondroitin sulfate intensity in somatosensory cortex at postnatal days 14, 21, and 28.
Assessment of PNN changes in the cervical spinal cord after hemisection injury.

Main Results:

Chondroitin sulfate staining intensity increased significantly in the developing mouse cortex between postnatal days 14 and 28, while PNN size remained constant.
Following spinal cord hemisection, increased chondroitin sulfate content was observed rostral to the injury site.
PNN-bearing cell density increased caudal to the injury, whereas single-cell PNN area decreased, suggesting PNN involvement in tissue rearrangement.

Conclusions:

PNNs undergo dynamic changes in chondroitin sulfate content during development.
PNN expression and structure are significantly altered after CNS injury.
These findings provide new insights into PNN structure dynamics in the developing and posttraumatic CNS, highlighting their potential role in tissue repair and remodeling.