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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement
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Simultaneous Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve Replacement.

Guillermo Ventosa-Fernandez1, Laura Vidal1, Ruben Tarrio1

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|March 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Transcatheter valve-in-valve replacement is expanding to the mitral and tricuspid positions. A patient with failing mitral and tricuspid bioprostheses underwent successful simultaneous valve-in-valve procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Prosthetic Heart Valves

Background:

  • Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (TAV-in-V) replacement has gained popularity.
  • Mitral and tricuspid valve-in-valve (VIV) procedures are increasingly utilized for failing bioprostheses.
  • VIV is emerging as an alternative to high-risk redo surgery in the tricuspid position.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with two failing bioprosthetic valves: one mitral and one tricuspid.
  • The patient was considered high-risk for conventional redo surgery.

Findings:

  • The patient successfully underwent simultaneous transapical mitral valve-in-valve replacement and percutaneous transjugular tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement.
  • This combined approach effectively treated both failing valves.

Implications:

  • Simultaneous transcatheter VIV procedures are feasible for managing multiple failing bioprosthetic valves.
  • This technique offers a less invasive option for high-risk patients with complex valve disease.
  • Further research may expand the application of combined transcatheter VIV in mitral and tricuspid positions.