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Improving the content validity of the mixed methods appraisal tool: a modified e-Delphi study.

Quan Nha Hong1, Pierre Pluye1, Sergi Fàbregues2

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, Québec, H3S 1Z1, Canada.

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Summary

The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was revised to enhance its quality appraisal for qualitative, survey, and mixed methods studies. This update improves the tool's content validity and introduces MMAT version 2018.

Keywords:
Delphi techniqueMixed methods researchQualitative researchQuality appraisalSurveysSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Health Sciences
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) is used for appraising diverse study designs.
  • Existing MMAT categories required refinement for specific study types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve the content validity of the MMAT for qualitative, survey, and mixed methods studies.
  • To identify and incorporate relevant methodological criteria for quality appraisal.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of critical appraisal tools and quality criteria.
  • Two-round modified e-Delphi technique with method-specific expert panels.
  • Rating criterion relevance using a five-point Likert scale.

Main Results:

  • 383 criteria were initially extracted, with 60 retained.
  • Consensus was reached on 6 qualitative, 8 survey, and 7 mixed methods criteria.
  • MMAT (version 2011) criteria were modified: 8 revised, 2 removed, 6 added, resulting in MMAT version 2018.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully improved the content validity of the MMAT.
  • A revised version, MMAT version 2018, is proposed.
  • The updated MMAT offers enhanced quality appraisal for multiple study designs.