Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure
Published on: October 1, 2019
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Using Arm Ergometry in Children With Spina Bifida: A Prediction Model for O2peak
Jana A M Tuijtelaars1, Marisa Maia Leonardi-Figuiredo, Julio Crescencio
1Department of Physiology (Ms Tuijtelaars), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Health Sciences (Ms Leonardi-Figuiredo and Dr Mattiello-Sverzut), Cardiology (Drs Crescencio and Gallo), and Social Medicine (Dr Martinez), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Child Development & Exercise Center (Drs Bloemen and Takken), Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Research Group Lifestyle and Health (Dr Bloemen) and Master Program Pediatric Physical Therapy (Dr Bloemen), HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Purpose:
This study aimed to develop a prediction model for peak oxygen uptake ((Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak) in children with spina bifida (SB), considering peak workload (Wpeak), peak heart rate, age, sex, anthropometric measures, walking level, physical activity level, and level of the lesion.
Methods:
Data of 26 participants with SB performing a graded arm crank test were used to develop the prediction model. An unrelated data set of participants with SB was used for validation.
Results:
The following equation was developed to predict (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak of participants with SB: (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak (mL/min) = 194+18 × Wpeak - 110 × sex (adjusted R(2) = 0.933, SEE = 96 mL/min). Bland-Altman analysis showed a nonsignificant mean difference between the measured and predicted values of (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak (-0.09 L/min) and limits of agreement of -0.4036 and 0.2236 L/min.
Conclusions:
The prediction model shows promising results; however, further validation using the same protocol is warranted before implementation in clinical practice.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles that Move the Arm
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Predicting Molecular Geometry
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult
Exercise Stress Test
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
Prediction Intervals
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

