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Turing patterning with and without a global wave.

Masafumi Inaba1, Hans I-Chen Harn1,2, Cheng-Ming Chuong1,2,3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

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|March 26, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A global Ectodysplasin A (EDA) wave and Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 (FGF20) mechanochemical coupling drive periodic feather patterning in chickens. This global event explains the coordinated feather germ formation observed in vivo, unlike simultaneous in vitro development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Morphogenesis
  • Pattern Formation

Background:

  • Periodic patterning is crucial for tissue development, seen in chicken feather formation.
  • Feather germs initially form in a hexagonal array, propagating from the midline.
  • In vitro studies suggested simultaneous germ formation, hinting at a missing global factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the global event responsible for the coordinated feather germ wave.
  • To elucidate the molecular and mechanical mechanisms underlying feather patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of Ectodysplasin A (EDA) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 (FGF20) in feather development.
  • Utilized in vitro reconstitution and in vivo observations of chicken dorsal skin.
  • Analyzed mechanochemical coupling between cell aggregates and signaling waves.

Main Results:

  • A spreading Ectodysplasin A (EDA) wave was identified as the global event.
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 (FGF20)-cell aggregates mediate mechanochemical coupling.
  • Absence of this global wave in flightless birds correlates with disrupted hexagonal patterning.

Conclusions:

  • The global EDA wave, coupled with FGF20-mediated mechanochemistry, orchestrates periodic feather germ formation.
  • This mechanism explains the difference between in vivo and in vitro feather patterning.
  • Disruption of the global wave mechanism leads to irregular feather patterning, as seen in flightless birds.