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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
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Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter
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PET/MR Imaging:: Current Updates on Pediatric Applications.

Neha S Kwatra1, Ruth Lim2, Michael S Gee2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|March 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) offers advanced pediatric imaging by combining detailed soft tissue and functional data. This integrated approach reduces radiation exposure and the need for anesthesia, benefiting pediatric oncology and other conditions.

Keywords:
Attenuation correctionFunctional imagingOncologyPET/MR imagingPediatricsRadiation dose

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Pediatric Oncology

Background:

  • Integrated PET/MR systems merge MR's soft tissue detail with PET's quantitative data.
  • PET/MR is an emerging technique with significant research and clinical potential in pediatrics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and future applications of PET/MR imaging in pediatric patients.
  • Highlighting its utility in both oncologic and nononcologic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PET/MR imaging in pediatric populations.
  • Focus on oncologic and nononcologic indications.

Main Results:

  • PET/MR provides high soft tissue resolution and quantitative PET data in a single session.
  • Offers reduced radiation burden compared to PET/CT.
  • Minimizes the need for anesthesia/sedation in pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

  • PET/MR imaging presents a valuable, low-radiation alternative for pediatric diagnostics.
  • Its integrated functional and anatomical imaging capabilities are particularly beneficial for children.
  • Future applications in pediatric oncologic and nononcologic imaging are promising.