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Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
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Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
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Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
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Probing van der Waals interactions at two-dimensional heterointerfaces.

Baowen Li1, Jun Yin1, Xiaofei Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.

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|March 27, 2019
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Summary

Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures exhibit varying van der Waals (vdW) interactions. This study quantifies vdW forces between graphite and MoS2, finding stronger interactions than with hexagonal boron nitride (BN).

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures assembled via van der Waals (vdW) interactions are crucial for advanced physics and electronics.
  • Understanding vdW interactions at heterointerfaces is key for designing and manipulating these 2D materials.
  • Previous research primarily focused on homogeneous crystals or graphene-substrate interactions, with theoretical vdW methods needing verification for 2D heterostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally quantify and compare van der Waals interactions between graphite and two different 2D materials: hexagonal boron nitride (BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2).
  • To verify the reliability of theoretical vdW methods, specifically Lifshitz theory, in predicting interactions within 2D heterostructures.
  • To demonstrate a novel technique for disassembling 2D heterostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a contact-splitting transfer technique to move graphite from BN to MoS2.
  • Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a graphite-wrapped tip for quantitative adhesion pressure measurements.
  • Applying Lifshitz theory to model and predict vdW interactions based on material dielectric functions.

Main Results:

  • Graphite exhibits a stronger vdW interaction with MoS2 compared to BN.
  • Quantitative measurements revealed critical adhesion pressures: BN-graphite (0.953 GPa) and MoS2-graphite (1.028 GPa), relative to graphite-graphite.
  • Experimental results align with Lifshitz theory predictions, highlighting the role of dielectric function in vdW interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The dielectric function of materials significantly influences van der Waals interactions in 2D heterostructures.
  • These findings provide greater flexibility in constructing 2D heterostructures.
  • A practical method for disassembling 2D heterostructures has been successfully demonstrated.