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A Cue for Rational Reasoning: Introducing a Reference Point in Cognitive Reflection Tasks.

Kaja Damnjanović1, Vera Novković1, Irena Pavlović1

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

Europe'S Journal of Psychology
|March 28, 2019
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Summary

Adding a reference point to the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) improves reasoning performance. This change helps individuals switch from intuitive System 1 to deliberate System 2 thinking, leading to higher scores on the test.

Keywords:
a reference pointcognitive reflection testdual processesecological rationalityheuristics

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Making
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Dual process theory distinguishes intuitive System 1 and deliberate System 2 reasoning.
  • The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) assesses reasoning by differentiating between these two systems.
  • System 1 often leads to errors on CRT tasks, while System 2 enables correct solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of a reference point on performance in Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) tasks.
  • To test the hypothesis that a reference point facilitates the shift from System 1 to System 2 reasoning.
  • To determine if introducing a reference point enhances accuracy on CRT problems.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of standard Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) tasks by incorporating a reference point.
  • Comparison of participant performance on CRT tasks with and without a reference point.
  • Analysis of response patterns to infer the underlying reasoning system (System 1 vs. System 2).

Main Results:

  • Participants generally achieved higher scores on the CRT tasks when a reference point was introduced.
  • The presence of a reference point appeared to facilitate the successful application of System 2 reasoning.
  • Performance improvements varied across different items within the CRT, suggesting context-dependent effects.

Conclusions:

  • Introducing a reference point can enhance performance on the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT).
  • This modification aids in transitioning from intuitive (System 1) to deliberative (System 2) thinking.
  • The reference point hypothesis offers a valuable strategy for improving reasoning accuracy in cognitive assessments.