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Predicting radiological vertebral fractures with a combined physical function and body composition scoring system
On Takeda1,2, Gentaro Kumagai3, Kanichiro Wada3
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan. m03055ot@gmail.com.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
|March 29, 2019
Summary
Physical function (PF) and body composition (BC) predict vertebral fractures (VFx) in Japanese adults. Combining PF and BC scores significantly increases the odds of VFx, highlighting their importance in assessing fracture risk.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Orthopedics
- Public Health
Background:
- Vertebral fractures (VFx) are a significant health concern, particularly in aging populations.
- Predicting VFx is crucial for preventative strategies and managing bone health.
- Existing prediction models may not fully capture the risk associated with functional decline and body composition changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of new vertebral fractures (VFx) in a Japanese population over an 8-year period.
- To evaluate the predictive value of physical function (PF) and body composition (BC) for incident VFx.
- To explore a combined scoring system of PF and BC for enhanced VFx prediction.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of 307 Japanese adults (≥40 years) assessed in 2008 and 2016.
- Physical function (PF) assessed using grip strength, single-leg stance, timed up-and-go, and 30-s chair stand tests (0-12 points).
- Body composition (BC) assessed via bioelectrical impedance (trunk and appendage muscle volume, 0-6 points); VFx diagnosed radiologically; bone mineral status by quantitative ultrasound (QUS).
- Logistic regression analysis used to identify predictors of VFx, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and QUS.
Main Results:
- The incidence of new VFx was 12% (36 participants) over 8 years.
- After adjusting for covariates, a PF score ≥8 increased VFx odds (OR 5.6; P=0.028).
- A combined PF + BC score ≥9 further increased VFx odds (OR 8.1; P<0.01), indicating a synergistic predictive effect.
Conclusions:
- Both physical function (PF) and body composition (BC) are significant predictors of incident fragility fractures in this Japanese cohort.
- A combined scoring system integrating PF and BC may offer superior predictive accuracy for VFx compared to individual measures or simple cutoffs.
- The developed scoring system shows potential for identifying individuals at higher risk of VFx, aiding in targeted interventions.
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