[Retinopathy of prematurity]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neonatology
• Public Health

Context:

• Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), also known as retinopathy of prematurity (RLF), is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants.
• The incidence of ROP varies widely, affecting between 10 and 80 per 100,000 live births and 7-40% of premature infants.
• Recent data indicate that advanced ROP affects 12% of visually impaired schoolchildren and 27% of totally blind scholars.

Purpose:

• To present the new international classification of ROP stages.
• To discuss risk factors, diagnostic guidelines, and prophylactic measures for ROP.
• To critically evaluate current ophthalmological treatments for ROP.

Summary:

• The main risk factors for ROP are immature retinal vascularization and oxygen exposure, with other factors like elevated or fluctuating pCO2 also discussed.
• Recommendations are provided for ophthalmological examination timing and indications.
• Prophylactic measures such as Vitamin E administration are briefly mentioned.
• The efficacy of coagulation treatment for ROP is not yet proven.
• Retinal detachment in ROP can be managed with conventional surgery if not regressing spontaneously.
• Visual benefits from advanced surgery for end-stage ROP with total retinal detachment remain uncertain and appear low.

Impact:

• This classification and guideline update aim to improve ROP diagnosis and management, potentially reducing long-term visual impairment.
• Understanding risk factors and implementing timely interventions can mitigate the progression of ROP.
• Critical evaluation of treatments underscores the need for further research into effective ROP therapies.