Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

536
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
536
Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

861
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
861
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

561
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
561
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

521
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
521
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

36.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
36.8K
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

547
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
547

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Computationally optimized molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on biomass-derived biochar for paclobutrazol analysis in Radix Angelicae Sinensis.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Associations among homocysteine, left cortical thickness, and working memory in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: preliminary findings of a cohort study.

BMC psychiatry·2026
Same author

Mapping shared and specific cortical after-effects of repetitive TMS on brain function.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Elevated Plasma Olanzapine Concentrations Associated With Pneumonia.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy·2026
Same author

Phase 1 randomized trial of HS-10353, a novel GABA(A) positive allosteric modulator for treatment of major depressive disorder.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Clinical evaluation of Dachai Wendan Decoction in the treatment of metabolic syndrome induced by atypical antipsychotics: A retrospective study.

Medicine·2026
Same journal

Hierarchical disruptions of white matter rich-club organization in comorbid insomnia with anxiety: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
Same journal

The amygdala in bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study examining the relevance of structural alterations of amygdala subfields for cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
Same journal

Combined transformer encoder-CNN architecture with texture features for MRI-based Alzheimer's disease detection.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
Same journal

Changes in EEG-derived entropy are associated with symptom improvement in major depressive disorder following electroconvulsive therapy.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
Same journal

P50 sensory gating in children with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and neurotypicals: Within-session test-retest reliability and evaluation of methodologies.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
Same journal

Effects of riluzole on excitation-inhibition imbalance and functional connectivity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a multimodal 7-Tesla MRI study.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

12.8K

Subcortical structures and cognitive dysfunction in first episode schizophrenia.

Fengmei Fan1, Hong Xiang2, Shuping Tan3

  • 1Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

First-episode schizophrenia patients show significant cognitive deficits and smaller subcortical brain volumes, particularly in the amygdala and hippocampus. These subcortical gray matter changes are linked to cognitive dysfunction and psychosis symptoms.

Keywords:
BrainCognitiveFirst episodeSchizophreniaSubcortical

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Improving Anesthesia Protocols for Enhanced Mouse Acupuncture Research
03:26

Author Spotlight: Improving Anesthesia Protocols for Enhanced Mouse Acupuncture Research

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.9K
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

12.8K
Author Spotlight: Improving Anesthesia Protocols for Enhanced Mouse Acupuncture Research
03:26

Author Spotlight: Improving Anesthesia Protocols for Enhanced Mouse Acupuncture Research

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.9K
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is characterized by widespread brain abnormalities, affecting both cortical and subcortical regions.
  • Previous research on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia primarily focused on cortical structures.
  • Subcortical areas play a crucial role in supporting various cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between subcortical gray matter deficits and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
  • To determine if reduced subcortical volumes correlate with specific cognitive impairments in early schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 170 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 88 healthy controls.
  • Assessment of clinical symptoms, neurocognitive function, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure subcortical volumes.
  • Statistical analyses, including Bonferroni correction, to identify significant differences and correlations.

Main Results:

  • Patients with first-episode schizophrenia exhibited significant deficits across all cognitive domains, including processing speed, attention, memory, executive function, and social cognition.
  • Significantly smaller volumes were observed in the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and total cortical gray matter in patients compared to controls.
  • Reasoning/problem-solving abilities positively correlated with amygdala and nucleus accumbens volumes; positive psychosis symptoms also correlated with these structures.
  • Antipsychotic medication dosage positively correlated with the volumes of the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, and pallidum.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with substantial cognitive impairments.
  • Subcortical gray matter structures, including the amygdala and hippocampus, are implicated in specific cognitive dysfunctions observed in first-episode schizophrenia.
  • Findings highlight the contribution of subcortical abnormalities to the neurocognitive profile of early schizophrenia.