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Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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Measurement: Derived Units03:02

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The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of substance, and luminosity. These are called the SI base units.
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Motor Units

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A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
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Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

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The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
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Units of Measurement01:27

Units of Measurement

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Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest branches of engineering. It deals with designing, analyzing, and manufacturing machines and mechanical systems. To ensure precise and accurate calculations, units of measurement are used. They provide a standard system for expressing and comparing physical quantities.
There are various well-known historical measurement systems, such as the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus...
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International System of Units01:29

International System of Units

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The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is based on a set of three base units considered absolute, and their values do not change with location. These base units are meters, kilograms, and seconds.
Prefixes are used to define both larger and smaller quantities in the SI system. For example, milli, micro, and nano define smaller quantities, while kilo, mega, and giga are used to define...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFU Determination for Efficient Assessment of TB Vaccine Efficacy and Antigen Presentation Analysis
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Colony-Forming Unit Enumeration by a Plate-MPN Method.

S-T Tan1, R B Maxcy1, W W Stroup1

  • 1Department of Food Science and Technology; Biometrics and Information Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919.

Journal of Food Protection
|March 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new plate-most probable number (MPN) method combines surface plate and MPN techniques for microbial enumeration. This method is accurate and offers advantages over traditional microbial counting methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional microbial enumeration methods like the standard surface plate method and the most probable number (MPN) method have limitations.
  • There is a need for improved techniques that are accurate, efficient, and offer practical advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel microbial enumeration technique, the plate-most probable number (plate-MPN) method.
  • To compare the accuracy and precision of the plate-MPN technique against the standard surface plate method.

Main Methods:

  • The plate-MPN technique involves inoculating discrete 0.01-ml samples onto quadrants of pre-dried petri plates.
  • Growth observation and interpretation are analogous to a 3-tube MPN test using standard tables.
  • The technique was applied to pure cultures and mixed flora for validation.

Main Results:

  • The plate-MPN technique demonstrated comparable accuracy to the standard surface plate method for microbial counts.
  • The plate-MPN technique was found to be less precise than the standard surface plate method.
  • No significant differences in accuracy were observed when applied to pure cultures and mixed flora.

Conclusions:

  • The plate-MPN technique offers a viable alternative for microbial enumeration.
  • Despite lower precision, the plate-MPN method presents numerous advantages over traditional microbial counting techniques.
  • Further research may explore optimizing the precision of the plate-MPN method.