CRISPR-mediated gene editing for the surgeon scientist

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Surgical Innovation

Background:

• Gene editing technologies have advanced significantly over the last two decades.
• The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has emerged as a powerful tool in this field.
• CRISPR-Cas9 was first described for gene editing in bacteria and human cells in 2012.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the history, current status, and modifications of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system.
• To compare CRISPR-Cas9 with other gene-editing technologies.
• To explore future applications and limitations of CRISPR-Cas9, with a focus on surgical science.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on gene editing systems.
• Analysis of modifications enhancing CRISPR-Cas9 efficiency and specificity.
• Examination of clinical trial data and early studies in oncology, transplantation, and trauma care.

Main Results:

• Numerous modifications have improved CRISPR-Cas9 efficiency and specificity since its initial description.
• Clinical applications are currently limited, pending further safety and efficacy research.
• Early studies suggest potential roles in oncology, organ transplantation, and trauma patient care.

Conclusions:

• The CRISPR-Cas9 system holds considerable promise for various applications within the surgical arena.
• Further research is crucial to validate the safety and effectiveness of gene editing in clinical settings.
• Gene editing is poised to become a vital component of future surgical research and practice.