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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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Chirally coupled nanomagnets.

Zhaochu Luo1,2, Trong Phuong Dao3,2,4, Aleš Hrabec3,2,4

  • 1Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. zhaochu.luo@psi.ch laura.heyderman@psi.ch pietro.gambardella@mat.ethz.ch.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved strong coupling between laterally adjacent nanomagnets using the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This breakthrough enables new designs for magnetic logic gates and memory devices with all-electric control.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Magnetically coupled nanomagnets are crucial for nonvolatile memories, logic gates, and sensors.
  • Vertical stacking has been the most effective method for achieving magnetic coupling.
  • Lateral coupling of nanomagnets presents challenges and opportunities for novel device architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve strong magnetic coupling between laterally adjacent nanomagnets.
  • To explore the use of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction for nanomagnet coupling.
  • To demonstrate new functionalities and device applications based on lateral nanomagnet coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction to mediate coupling between lateral nanomagnets.
  • Investigated coupling mediated by chiral domain walls between out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic regions.
  • Studied the behavior of nanomagnets below a critical size where this coupling dominates.

Main Results:

  • Achieved strong coupling between laterally adjacent nanomagnets.
  • Demonstrated lateral exchange bias and field-free current-induced switching.
  • Realized multistate magnetic configurations, synthetic antiferromagnets, skyrmions, and artificial spin ices.
  • Covered a broad range of length scales and topologies in magnetic systems.

Conclusions:

  • The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction provides a powerful mechanism for lateral nanomagnet coupling.
  • This coupling enables the design of correlated nanomagnet arrays.
  • Offers a platform for all-electric control of planar logic gates and memory devices.