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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

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The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Author Spotlight: Insights into the Use of Apple-Derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
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Gum based 3D composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

Dhivyaa Anandan1, G Madhumathi2, N Arunai Nambiraj1

  • 1Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|March 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New composite bone scaffolds made from gellan gum, guar gum, and hydroxyapatite offer a promising, non-cytotoxic solution for bone regeneration. These mechanically stable scaffolds exhibit low degradation and swelling, supporting cell proliferation for potential bone defect treatments.

Keywords:
Bone scaffoldGellan gumGuar gumHydroxyapatiteMechanical stabilityTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Engineering

Background:

  • Rising incidence of bone diseases necessitates advanced bone graft materials.
  • Current treatments face limitations in availability, cost, and efficacy.
  • Need for biocompatible, mechanically robust, and easily fabricated bone scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel composite scaffolds from gellan gum, guar gum, and hydroxyapatite.
  • To evaluate the physical, mechanical, degradation, and cytotoxic properties of the fabricated scaffolds.
  • To assess the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of composite scaffolds using gellan gum, guar gum, and hydroxyapatite via freeze-drying.
  • Mechanical testing (compressive strength), swelling ratio, degradation studies, and water vapor transmission.
  • Material characterization using SEM, FTIR, and XRD.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT assay with L929 and MG63 cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Optimized scaffolds demonstrated low degradation (13.7% in 21 days) and minimal swelling.
  • Mechanically stable scaffolds exhibited compressive strength comparable to cancellous bone (3-30 MPa).
  • MTT assay confirmed non-cytotoxicity and excellent cell proliferation (L929 and MG63) on the scaffolds over 7 days.

Conclusions:

  • The developed polysaccharide-based composite scaffolds are biocompatible, mechanically sound, and support cell growth.
  • These scaffolds represent a viable, cost-effective alternative for bone defect repair and regeneration.
  • Further research is warranted to explore their in vivo efficacy for bone grafting applications.