Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

4.6K
Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
4.6K
The Colonization of Land02:22

The Colonization of Land

37.5K
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
37.5K
Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

Classification of Neurotransmitters

5.2K
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
5.2K
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

5.3K
Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
5.3K
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

9.7K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
9.7K
Force Classification01:22

Force Classification

2.3K
Forces play a crucial role in the study of physics and engineering. They are essential in describing the motion, behavior, and equilibrium of objects in the physical world. Forces can be classified based on their origin, type, and direction of action.
Contact and non-contact forces are two of the most widely used categories of forces. As the name suggests, contact forces require physical contact between two objects to act upon each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional,...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Treatment Variation Impacts Survival Among Patients With Early-Onset Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Journal of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Impact of vitamin D on the colon cancer immune microenvironment: results of a randomized clinical trial of preoperative vitamin D supplementation in patients with stage I-III colon cancer.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same author

GPNMB-directed CAR T cell therapy against MiT/TFE-family fusion-driven solid tumors.

Nature cancer·2026
Same author

Access to Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Drugs in Persons with Medicare Advantage Compared with Medicare Fee-For-Service.

Ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Strengthening Biomarker Research in Canadian Cancer Clinical Trials: A Pathology-Focused White Paper.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026
Same author

Quadratus Lumborum Block During Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery: A Tool for Enhanced Recovery.

Diseases of the colon and rectum·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections
06:09

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections

Published on: February 9, 2020

13.3K

Colon Neuroendocrine Tumors: A New Lymph Node Staging Classification.

Adam C Fields1,2, Justin C McCarty3, Pamela Lu4,3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. acfields@partners.org.

Annals of Surgical Oncology
|March 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The number of positive lymph nodes in colon neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) significantly impacts survival. A new staging system (N0, N1a, N1b, N2) based on lymph node count offers more accurate prognostication than current methods.

More Related Videos

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
05:52

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

Published on: August 19, 2021

13.1K
Comparison of Predictive Performance of Three Lymph Node Staging Systems in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Model
07:13

Comparison of Predictive Performance of Three Lymph Node Staging Systems in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Model

Published on: April 18, 2025

503

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections
06:09

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections

Published on: February 9, 2020

13.3K
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
05:52

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

Published on: August 19, 2021

13.1K
Comparison of Predictive Performance of Three Lymph Node Staging Systems in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Model
07:13

Comparison of Predictive Performance of Three Lymph Node Staging Systems in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Model

Published on: April 18, 2025

503

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Cancer Staging

Background:

  • Current staging for colon neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) classifies nodal metastasis as N0 or N1.
  • This binary system lacks granularity for prognostication based on the number of positive lymph nodes.
  • Existing classifications do not fully capture survival differences related to nodal burden in colon NET.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of the total number of positive lymph nodes on overall survival in patients with colon NET.
  • To develop and validate a refined nodal staging system for colon NET that incorporates lymph node count for improved prognostication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Cancer Database to identify and analyze patients with colon NET.
  • Developed a novel nodal staging system using nearest-neighbor grouping based on survival data.
  • Validated the new nodal staging classification using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 2472 colon NET patients revealed distinct 5-year survival rates across new nodal classifications: N0 (69.8%), N1a (63.9%), N1b (38.9%), and N2 (15.7%).
  • The proposed nodal staging system demonstrated significant differences in survival (p < 0.001).
  • Validation confirmed the distinct survival rates and the new nodal stage's significance as an independent predictor of overall survival in multivariable Cox regression.

Conclusions:

  • The total number of positive locoregional lymph nodes is a critical independent prognostic factor in colon NET.
  • The proposed N0, N1a, N1b, and N2 nodal staging system provides more accurate survival prediction for colon NET patients compared to existing systems.