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Harmonics as an alternative method for measuring I<sub>0</sub> during x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments at laboratory scale.

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Johann-type laboratory-scale x-ray absorption spectrometer with versatile detection modes.

Ari-Pekka Honkanen¹, Sami Ollikkala¹, Taru Ahopelto¹

¹Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|April 1, 2019

Summary

We developed an affordable lab X-ray absorption spectrometer for analyzing transition metals and actinides. This versatile instrument offers high energy resolution and multiple measurement modes for various applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry
Physics

Background:

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is crucial for characterizing elemental and chemical states.
Existing laboratory XAS systems can be expensive and complex.
There is a need for accessible, versatile XAS instrumentation for broader research applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a cost-effective laboratory X-ray absorption spectrometer.
To demonstrate its capabilities for analyzing K and L edges of various elements.
To showcase its adaptability for diverse experimental setups and in situ studies.

Main Methods:

Utilized a conventional X-ray tube source.
Employed bent Johann-type crystal monochromators for energy selection.
Designed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the 4-20 keV energy range.
Incorporated transmission, fluorescence, and imaging measurement modes.

Main Results:

Achieved typical energy resolution of 1-5 eV at 10 keV.
Covered K edges of 3d transition metals and L edges of 5d transition metals and actinides.
Demonstrated the instrument's modularity for accommodating complex sample environments.
Presented a range of successful application examples.

Conclusions:

The developed spectrometer provides a low-cost, high-performance solution for laboratory XAS.
Its flexibility supports a wide array of research, including in situ investigations.
This instrument democratizes access to advanced XAS capabilities for scientific research.