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Carotid Ultrasound.

Leslie M Scoutt¹, Gowthaman Gunabushanam¹

¹Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520-8042, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America

|April 1, 2019

Summary

Doppler ultrasound (US) is key for assessing carotid artery stenosis, a major stroke risk factor. This technique is vital for monitoring patients after carotid interventions like endarterectomy or stenting.

Keywords:

Carotid plaque Carotid ultrasound Internal carotid artery stenosis Intimal medial thickening Spectral Doppler

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Area of Science:

Vascular Imaging
Neurology
Cardiology

Background:

Extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis is a significant risk factor for stroke.
Doppler ultrasound (US) is the leading noninvasive method for evaluating ICA stenosis.
Surveillance after carotid interventions (endarterectomy, stenting) relies heavily on Doppler US.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of Doppler US in evaluating extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis.
To detail the technique, normal findings, and diagnostic criteria for carotid US.
To cover stroke pathophysiology, epidemiology, and waveform analysis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Doppler US for carotid artery assessment.
Description of the standard carotid US examination technique.
Explanation of diagnostic criteria for plaque evaluation and stenosis grading.

Main Results:

Doppler US effectively detects, grades, and monitors ICA stenosis.
US criteria are established for native ICA stenosis and post-intervention surveillance.
Waveform analysis provides crucial hemodynamic information.

Conclusions:

Doppler US is indispensable for managing ICA stenosis and stroke risk.
Accurate application of US techniques ensures effective patient monitoring post-intervention.
This review provides a comprehensive guide to carotid US for clinical practice.