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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Gene Expression Analysis in the Pneumococcus.

Rory A Eutsey1, Carol A Woolford1, Surya D Aggarwal1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide details pneumococcal RNA extraction for gene expression analysis using the NanoString nCounter platform. It enables accurate measurement of bacterial gene activity in various growth conditions, including host cell interactions.

Keywords:
Gene expressionNanoStringRNA isolationTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis

Background:

  • Bacterial cells dynamically alter gene expression in response to growth phases and environmental signals.
  • Understanding these adaptive gene expression changes is crucial for bacterial research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive protocol for pneumococcal RNA extraction.
  • To adapt the RNA extraction for the NanoString nCounter platform for precise gene expression profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed protocol for bacterial RNA isolation from Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Application of the extracted RNA to the NanoString nCounter platform for gene expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • The described method allows for efficient RNA extraction from pneumococci.
  • The NanoString nCounter platform effectively quantifies gene expression even when target RNA is a minor component of total RNA.
  • Successful application in both planktonic cultures and co-culture with host cells.

Conclusions:

  • This protocol facilitates robust gene expression analysis of pneumococci using the NanoString nCounter platform.
  • The method is suitable for studying bacterial adaptation in complex environments, including host-pathogen interactions.