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Sex Differences in Gut Microbiota.

Yong Sung Kim1,2, Tatsuya Unno3,4, Byung Yong Kim5

  • 1Digestive Disease Research Institute and Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.

The World Journal of Men'S Health
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Sex significantly impacts the gut microbiota, but research is inconsistent. This review examines sex-dependent differences in gut microbes and explores potential underlying mechanisms in humans and animals.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Physiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human body harbors a vast community of symbiotic microorganisms, primarily in the gut.
  • Advances in technology have yielded extensive data on gut microbiota composition.
  • Factors like diet, race, and medications are known confounders in gut microbiota research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on sex differences in gut microbiota.
  • To discuss the potential mechanisms driving these sex-dependent variations.
  • To highlight the need for further investigation into this under-explored area.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published animal and human studies.
  • Analysis of reported sex-based variations in gut microbial composition.
  • Identification and discussion of proposed biological and environmental mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests sex-based differences exist in gut microbiota composition.
  • Reported findings across studies are often inconsistent.
  • Several potential mechanisms, including hormonal and genetic factors, are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a significant, yet insufficiently studied, variable influencing the gut microbiota.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms behind sex-dependent gut microbial shifts.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for personalized health strategies.