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Force Transmission between Three Tissues Controls Bipolar Planar Polarity Establishment and Morphogenesis
Ghislain Gillard1, Ophélie Nicolle1, Thibault Brugière1
1CNRS, Univ Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR6290, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
Current Biology : CB
|April 2, 2019
Summary
Mechanical forces from muscle contractions coordinate embryonic elongation by transmitting signals through molecular tendons to the epidermis. This process establishes planar cell polarity, guiding cell shape and organismal axis orientation.
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Cell biology
- Mechanobiology
Background:
- Coordinated morphogenesis across tissues is crucial for organism development.
- While biochemical pathways are known, mechanical signaling (mechanotransduction) also directs epithelial morphogenesis.
- C. elegans embryonic elongation involves muscle, dorsal/ventral epidermis, and lateral epidermis interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how mechanical forces coordinate tissue interactions during C. elegans embryonic elongation.
- To identify the signaling pathways involved in transmitting mechanical signals between tissues.
- To understand the role of mechanotransduction in establishing embryonic axis orientation.
Main Methods:
- Investigated the role of muscle contractions and molecular tendons in embryonic elongation.
- Analyzed the transmission of mechanical force via adherens junctions to lateral epidermal cells.
- Examined the establishment and function of the apical PAR module and actin organization.
Main Results:
- Mechanical force from muscle contractions is transmitted via molecular tendons and adherens junctions to lateral epidermal cells.
- This force establishes a bipolar planar polarity of the apical PAR module in lateral epidermal cells.
- The planar polarized PAR module is essential for actin organization and determining the embryonic elongation axis.
Conclusions:
- A novel mechanotransduction pathway coordinates morphogenesis between muscle and epidermal tissues.
- This pathway, involving force transmission and PAR module polarity, is essential for C. elegans embryonic elongation.
- Mechanotransduction plays a critical role in integrating mechanical cues for precise embryonic development.
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