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Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...

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The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

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Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...

Plotting of Topographic Maps

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Topographic maps represent the Earth's surface features using contour lines, which connect points of equal elevation to create a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional terrain. Creating a topographic map requires a systematic approach.Begin by plotting a scaled grid and marking intersections corresponding to the survey's elevation data points. Assign elevation values at these intersections to build the base map. Next, determine contour levels using a consistent contour interval,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Published on: November 13, 2017

Cell maps on the human genome.

Christopher Cherniak¹, Raul Rodriguez-Esteban¹

¹Committee for Philosophy and the Sciences, Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.

Molecular Cytogenetics

|April 2, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The human genome maps to the body and individual cells, revealing a "cellunculus" model. This genome mapping extends to basic cell structures like the nuclear membrane, impacting chromosome organization.

Keywords:

Connection optimization Genome Homunculus Organelle-specific gene Somatotopic map “Cellunculus”

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Genome Engineering of Primary Human B Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9

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Genome Engineering of Primary Human B Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Cell Biology
Human Anatomy

Background:

Previously identified a global, supra-chromosomal representation of the human body across the genome.
This representation suggests a genome-wide organizational principle.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the genome mapping model to the individual animal cell level.
To investigate the mapping of cellular organization onto the human genome.
To identify a potential
cellunculus
model within the Homo sapiens genome.

Main Methods:

Genome mapping model extension to the cellular level.
Analysis of cellular organization in relation to the human genome.

Main Results:

Significant mapping of individual animal cell organization onto the human genome.
Evidence for a
cellunculus
model on the H. sapiens genome.
Basic cell structures, such as the nuclear membrane, map to the genome via specific gene expression.

Conclusions:

Cellular and nuclear organization are mirrored in genome-wide gene expression patterns.
Topological mapping of chromosomes onto the dorsoventral body axis may relate to cell maps.
This genome-based mapping provides insights into nucleus and chromosome architecture.