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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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The Bohr Model02:18

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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...
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Stereotype Content Model02:16

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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

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Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
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Clearance Models: Compartment Models01:25

Clearance Models: Compartment Models

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Clearance measures drug elimination from the central compartment, including plasma and highly perfused organs like kidneys and liver. Its calculation varies depending on pharmacokinetic models and administration routes. The one-compartment model, for instance, portrays the pharmacokinetics of polar drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics administered intravenously and readily excreted in urine. In this case, clearance is influenced by the terminal rate constant (λz) and the total volume...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies &#8212; Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests
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[The valproate model of autism].

Jean-Louis Bossu1, Sébastien Roux1

  • 1Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et intégratives (INCI), associé à l'Université Louis Pasteur, 5, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|April 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 100 children, causing significant social challenges. A validated rat and mouse model using prenatal sodium valproate exposure helps study ASD mechanisms and test new therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting 1% of children globally.
  • ASD is characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
  • The social and emotional impact of ASD presents a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying neural mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To validate a rodent model for studying ASD pathophysiology.
  • To establish a preclinical platform for evaluating novel ASD therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of a rodent model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through prenatal exposure to sodium valproate.

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  • Utilizing the validated rodent model to explore neural network function and neuronal properties relevant to ASD.
  • Employing the model in preclinical research for assessing the efficacy of potential ASD treatments.

    • Main Results:

    • The sodium valproate-induced rodent model effectively replicates key characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
    • This model allows for the investigation of neural network and neuronal alterations associated with ASD.
    • The model serves as a crucial tool for preclinical therapeutic evaluations in ASD.

    Conclusions:

    • The validated rodent model provides valuable insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
    • This model is instrumental in advancing the understanding and treatment of ASD.
    • Preclinical studies using this model are essential for developing effective interventions for individuals with ASD.