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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing Architectures
  • Error Correction Codes

Background:

  • Quantum computing requires robust methods for encoding quantum information to mitigate noise.
  • Fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures aim to achieve this but have not yet demonstrated a conclusive practical advantage.
  • Error detection codes are crucial for protecting quantum states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that a small, error-detecting code can enhance the fidelity of fault-tolerant quantum gates.
  • To compare the fidelity of gates implemented in a code space versus physical qubits.
  • To provide experimental evidence for the benefits of computation within an error-detecting code space.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a [4,2,2] error detecting code.
  • Execution of a randomized benchmarking protocol within the logical code space.
  • Comparison of two-qubit gate infidelity between logical and physical qubits.

Main Results:

  • An order of magnitude improvement in gate infidelity was observed within the logical code space.
  • Two-qubit infidelity decreased from 5.8(2)% to 0.60(3)%.
  • Results align with theoretical predictions of fault-tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Error detecting codes demonstrably improve the fidelity of quantum gates.
  • Computation within an error-detecting code space offers a significant benefit for quantum information processing.
  • Despite gate improvements, the overall computation did not reach the fault-tolerance threshold due to state preparation and measurement noise.