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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Open-Ended Evolution and Open-Endedness: Editorial Introduction to the Open-Ended Evolution I Special Issue.

Norman Packard1, Mark A Bedau2, Alastair Channon3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This research explores Open-Ended Evolution (OEE), the dynamic process driving life's diversity. It introduces special issues focusing on OEE and open-endedness in artificial life research.

Keywords:
Open-ended evolutioncomplexity growthinnovationnoveltyopen-endedness

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Life
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Complexity Science

Background:

  • Life's diversity stems from dynamic evolutionary processes, termed Open-Ended Evolution (OEE).
  • OEE is a key concept distinguishing living from nonliving systems.
  • This article introduces special issues dedicated to OEE research.

Discussion:

  • The study of OEE is central to artificial life research.
  • Understanding OEE sheds light on the generative capacity of biological systems.
  • Recent advancements in OEE are presented.

Key Insights:

  • Nature's inventiveness and biosphere diversity are products of OEE.
  • OEE research is crucial for advancing artificial life.
  • The concept of open-endedness is explored in depth.

Outlook:

  • Future research will build upon the foundations presented in these special issues.
  • Continued exploration of OEE in artificial life promises novel insights.
  • The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life in Tokyo served as a catalyst for this research.