Osteosarcopenic Obesity: Current Knowledge, Revised Identification Criteria and Treatment Principles

Area of Science:

• Metabolic syndrome research
• Obesity and aging studies
• Bone and muscle physiology

Background:

• Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome is characterized by concurrent bone loss, muscle wasting, and excess adiposity.
• Ectopic fat deposition in visceral organs, bone, and muscle is a potential key driver of OSO.
• OSO leads to impaired physical function and systemic metabolic disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome.
• To propose revised diagnostic criteria for OSO, including specific assessments for visceral fat in both sexes.
• To develop a consolidated treatment algorithm for OSO, incorporating nutritional and physical activity guidelines.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing OSO research.
• Development of new criteria for identifying OSO, focusing on visceral adiposity.
• Consolidation of evidence-based nutritional and physical activity interventions.

Main Results:

• Current OSO research highlights the complex interplay between bone, muscle, and fat.
• Revised criteria for OSO identification are proposed, enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
• A comprehensive treatment algorithm integrating diet and exercise is outlined.

Conclusions:

• Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome requires updated diagnostic standards for research.
• The proposed criteria and treatment algorithm offer a framework for OSO management.
• Further validation studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of the proposed OSO management strategies.