Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.4K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.4K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

129.7K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
129.7K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

86.4K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
86.4K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Post-colonoscopic splenic rupture and hemorrhage: diagnostic challenges and successful transcatheter embolization-a case report.

Journal of medical case reports·2026
Same author

Natural zeolite dose-dependently enhances conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

A Blood-Derived Double-Network Hydrogel with Robust Wet Adhesion for Keratinized Mucosa Regeneration via Neutrophil Phenotype Reprogramming and Mechanophysical Niche Modulation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Magneto alignment of Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@graphene flakes for highly efficient low-frequency microwave absorption.

Nanotechnology·2026
Same author

A Phase 1 Microtracer Study Evaluating the Mass Balance, Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics of Osivelotor in Healthy Participants.

Clinical and translational science·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporally programmable hydrogel enables NIR-triggered biofilm disruption and mitophagy-driven immunometabolic remodeling for periodontitis.

Biomaterials·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.8K

Motion Simulation of Ionic Liquid Gel Soft Actuators Based on CPG Control.

Chenghong Zhang1, Bin He1, An Ding1

  • 1College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, No. 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
|April 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel ionic liquid gel (ILG) soft actuator, demonstrating its bending motion via ion migration under electric fields. This bioinspired actuator shows potential for controlled robotic movement.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers
07:09

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

9.6K
Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
07:14

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.8K
Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers
07:09

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

9.6K
Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
07:14

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquid gels (ILGs) are emerging soft actuator materials.
  • Understanding their mechanical and electrical properties is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel ionic liquid gel (ILG) soft actuator.
  • To investigate the electro-mechanical behavior and control strategies for ILG-based actuators.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ILG using BMIMBF4, HEMA, DEAP, and ZrO2 polymerized under UV light.
  • Nonlinear analysis using the Ogden model for mechanical properties.
  • Supercapacitor theory for equivalent circuit modeling.
  • Central Pattern Generator (CPG) for bioinspired control simulation.

Main Results:

  • The actuator exhibits bending motion due to differential volume changes of cations and anions under an electric field.
  • The Ogden model accurately describes the hyperelastic behavior of the ILG.
  • CPG-based control enables smooth and precise movement of the discretized soft actuator.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ILG is a promising material for soft actuators and supercapacitors.
  • Bioinspired CPG control offers an effective method for precise actuation.
  • The study provides a foundation for developing advanced soft robotic systems.