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Related Concept Videos

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
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Spare Receptors01:30

Spare Receptors

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Some receptors remain unoccupied even when an agonist produces a maximal response. Such empty ones are called spare receptors. In presence of spare receptors the maximum effect of an agonist drug is achieved with fewer than 100% of the receptors being occupied. To determine the presence of spare receptors, scientists often compare the concentration of the drug needed to produce 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) with the concentration of the drug needed to occupy 50% of the receptors (Kd). If the...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

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Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Biaxial Basal Tone and Passive Testing of the Murine Reproductive System Using a Pressure Myograph
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Biaxial Basal Tone and Passive Testing of the Murine Reproductive System Using a Pressure Myograph

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Medial-basal segment (S7)-sparing right basal segmentectomy.

Toshiki Yajima1, Kimihiro Shimizu2, Akira Mogi1

  • 1Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.

General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|April 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study details a novel thoracoscopic anatomical basal segmentectomy technique that preserves the S7 segment, specifically for patients with a B7ab branching pattern. This approach offers a new option for lung cancer surgery.

Keywords:
Complete video-assisted thoracic surgeryMedial-basal segment-sparingSegmentectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Lung segmentectomy is a key lung cancer treatment.
  • Basal segmentectomy is challenging due to complex bronchial anatomy.
  • Segment S7 preservation is often difficult.

Observation:

  • A novel thoracoscopic anatomical basal segmentectomy technique is presented.
  • This technique specifically preserves the S7 segment.
  • It is applied to patients with the B7ab bronchial branching pattern.

Findings:

  • The technical details of the S7-sparing basal segmentectomy are described.
  • Successful thoracoscopic execution of this segmentectomy is demonstrated.
  • The B7ab branching pattern is a key consideration for this technique.

Implications:

  • This technique expands the options for lung-sparing surgery.
  • It may improve outcomes for patients with specific bronchial anatomy.
  • Further research can explore the oncological and functional benefits.