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In Vitro Fertilization and Vasa Previa: A Report of Two Cases
Ana Lúcia Isotton1,2, Cristiano Caetano Salazar2,3, Cleisson Fábio Andrioli Peralta4
1Service of Fetal Medicine, Medicina Fetal Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Summary
Vasa previa (VP), a dangerous pregnancy complication, is linked to in vitro fertilization (IVF). Early prenatal diagnosis using transvaginal ultrasound is crucial for favorable outcomes in IVF pregnancies.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Reproductive Medicine
Background:
- Vasa previa (VP) is a critical obstetric condition linked to significant perinatal mortality and morbidity.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) is recognized as a risk factor for VP due to increased rates of abnormal placentation.
- Prenatal diagnosis is vital as fetal mortality rates in undiagnosed VP can be extremely high.
Observation:
- This report details two cases of pregnant women undergoing IVF.
- Transvaginal ultrasound accurately diagnosed VP in both cases, enabling timely intervention.
- Case 1: VP diagnosed at 29 weeks, delivered healthy infant at 34 weeks via elective C-section.
- Case 2: Diagnosed with placenta previa, placenta increta, and VP with velamentous cord insertion; delivered healthy infant at 33 weeks via emergency C-section due to bleeding.
Findings:
- Prenatal diagnosis of VP using transvaginal ultrasound was accurate in both reported cases.
- Both IVF pregnancies with diagnosed VP resulted in favorable maternal and fetal outcomes.
- The findings reinforce that IVF is a risk factor for VP.
Implications:
- All pregnancies conceived via IVF should undergo routine screening for vasa previa using transvaginal ultrasound.
- Early detection and management of VP through ultrasound can significantly improve perinatal outcomes.
- This highlights the importance of advanced imaging techniques in managing high-risk pregnancies.
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