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Bleeding in Fresh Concrete01:22

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Bleeding in fresh concrete occurs when water from the mix rises to the surface. This happens because the mix's solid components fail to retain all the water as they settle, leading to separation where water collects at the top. The severity of bleeding can be measured by assessing the total settlement or by noting the decrease in height per unit height of concrete.
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

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Vaginal Bleeding in Late Pregnancy.

Janet S Young1, Lindsey M White2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Carilion Medical Center, 1 Riverside Circle, 4th Floor Admin, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|April 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Late-term pregnancy bleeding requires prompt recognition and management. Strategies vary by resource availability, emphasizing emergency department readiness for critical maternal hemorrhage.

Keywords:
AbruptionAntepartumBleedingDisseminated intravascular coagulopathyHemorrhagePlacenta previaPregnancyThromboelastography

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Late-term pregnancy bleeding can range from mild to life-threatening maternal-fetal hemorrhage.
  • Physiologic adaptations of pregnancy can mask severe bleeding, complicating diagnosis.
  • Managing obstetric emergencies in limited-resource settings presents unique challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the early recognition of life-threatening vaginal bleeding in late-term pregnancy.
  • To outline potential causes and emergency management strategies for maternal-fetal distress.
  • To discuss maternal resuscitation approaches based on resource availability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on late-term pregnancy bleeding.
  • Analysis of emergency management protocols for maternal hemorrhage.
  • Comparison of resuscitation strategies in low-resource versus high-resource environments.

Main Results:

  • Early identification of severe bleeding and its causes is crucial.
  • Maternal resuscitation protocols differ significantly between balanced and targeted blood product replacement.
  • Effective management hinges on emergency department preparedness and timely consultation or transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Timely and accurate diagnosis of late-term bleeding is critical for maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • Resource-specific resuscitation strategies are essential for managing obstetric hemorrhage.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration and preparedness are vital for optimal patient care.