Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.3K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.3K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

853
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
853
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

670
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
670
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

567
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
567
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

510
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
510
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

15.2K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
15.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Quantifying nonmnemonic strategies in two-alternative forced-choice delayed matching and nonmatching-to-position tasks in mice (Mus musculus) using automated video tracking technologies.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same author

Reversible Lesions of the Genu of the Corpus Callosum and White Matter Detected by MRI in a Neonate With Apnea: A Case Report.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Left Atrial Isomerism in a Four-Year-Old Girl Diagnosed due to Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Encoding of odor information and reward anticipation in anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus.

iScience·2026
Same author

Quantifying nonmnemonic strategies in two-alternative forced-choice delayed matching and nonmatching-to-position tasks in mice (Mus musculus) using automated video tracking technologies.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same author

Patient Backgrounds and Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Children Treated in ICUs Versus General Wards in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a National Inpatient Database.

Critical care medicine·2025
Same journal

Modulation of the EEG alpha-band envelope during mental tasks: A task-related index based on second-order derivatives.

Neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

Enhanced calcium activity and transcriptomic alterations in iPSC-derived neurons from BAFME patients with repeat expansions.

Neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

Clustered protocadherinβs contribute to configuring functional cell populations in hippocampal-cortical regions.

Neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

ALS-associated protein TDP-43 disturbs axonal projections in the somatosensory cortex.

Neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

Microglial ontogeny and in vitro reconstruction: Bridging development and modeling.

Neuroscience research·2026
Same journal

A layer specific histological framework for synaptic quantification in hippocampal CA1.

Neuroscience research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K

Dynamics of memory engrams.

Shogo Takamiya1, Shoko Yuki1, Junya Hirokawa1

  • 1Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Kyoto, Japan.

Neuroscience Research
|April 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Memory engrams, the brain's long-term memory traces, are dynamic, not static. Research shows these memory traces are constantly modified through consolidation and reconsolidation processes.

Keywords:
Cell assemblyEngram cellMemory engramMemory reconsolidationMultineuronal recordingMultipotentialityOptogenetics

More Related Videos

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

30.8K
Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
10:53

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

Published on: July 4, 2011

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K
Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

30.8K
Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
10:53

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

Published on: July 4, 2011

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory engrams, the physical traces of long-term memory, are increasingly understood as dynamic rather than static entities.
  • Existing research highlights the instability and diffuse nature of memory engrams, suggesting ongoing modification processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current findings on the dynamic nature of memory engrams.
  • To compare and contrast the concepts of cell assembly and engram cells in understanding memory engram dynamics.
  • To discuss future research directions and experimental strategies for studying memory engrams.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major findings in neuroscience and psychology.
  • Discussion of theoretical concepts: cell assembly and engram cell.
  • Analysis of activity-dependent cell labeling and optogenetics.
  • Consideration of live-cell imaging techniques for multineuronal activity.

Main Results:

  • Memory engrams are subject to dynamic modification through consolidation and reconsolidation.
  • Cell assembly and engram cell concepts offer complementary perspectives on memory engram dynamics.
  • Live-cell imaging provides new avenues for visualizing neuronal activity but presents technical challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Memory engrams are dynamic processes involving consolidation and reconsolidation.
  • Understanding the interplay between cell assemblies and engram cells is crucial for deciphering memory dynamics.
  • Future research should employ advanced techniques to capture the dynamic nature of memory engrams across brain regions.