CRISPR-based genome editing in wheat: a comprehensive review and future prospects

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• CRISPR technology has expanded genome editing applications across diverse organisms, primarily in mammalian research.
• While extensively used in Arabidopsis and rice, CRISPR applications in wheat lag due to its hexaploid nature, large genome, and tissue culture recalcitrance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the practical utilization and updates on CRISPR validation in wheat.
• To discuss future prospects of CRISPR technology for wheat improvement.
• To address challenges hindering CRISPR application in wheat.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of existing literature on CRISPR technology in wheat.
• Analysis of recent advancements, including the IWGSC reference genome release.
• Discussion of multiplex genome editing toolkits for complex traits.

Main Results:

• The release of a high-quality wheat reference genome is expected to accelerate CRISPR applications.
• CRISPR-based genome engineering can produce exogenous DNA-free mutants with desirable traits for enhanced productivity.
• Multiplex genome editing tools are available for targeting complex, multigene traits.

Conclusions:

• CRISPR technology holds immense potential for improving wheat's economic value and adaptability to climate change.
• Overcoming current obstacles will enable CRISPR-based wheat improvement, contributing to global food security.
• This review provides valuable information for researchers utilizing CRISPR for global wheat enhancement.