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Related Concept Videos

Pancreas01:19

Pancreas

2.2K
The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
The broad head of the pancreas lies within the loop formed by the duodenum, while its slender body reaches towards the spleen. The tail of the pancreas is short...
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Correlations02:20

Correlations

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Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
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Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

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Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Normothermic Ex Vivo Pancreas Perfusion for the Preservation of Pancreas Allografts before Transplantation
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Modeling Spatial Correlation of Transcripts with Application to Developing Pancreas.

Ruishan Liu1, Marco Mignardi2,3,4, Robert Jones5

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Scientific Reports
|April 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new tool to analyze gene expression patterns in tissues. This method reveals spatial relationships between genes and cellular structures in the human fetal pancreas, offering insights into developmental processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • High-throughput image-based transcriptomic methods allow spatial gene expression analysis.
  • Understanding spatial gene expression is crucial for studying tissue development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general analysis tool for quantitatively studying spatial gene expression correlations in fixed tissue sections.
  • To illustrate the tool's application using in situ sequencing data from the human fetal pancreas.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a density profile-based method to analyze spatial relationships between gene expression and morphological features (nuclei, endocrine cells).
  • Built a statistical model to characterize spatial correlations among different gene expression levels.
  • Applied the framework to human fetal pancreas samples at 80, 87, and 117 days post-fertilization.

Main Results:

  • Quantified spatial distribution of single mRNA molecules in the human fetal pancreas.
  • Identified spatial relationships between gene expression and specific cell types and structures.
  • Inferred inhibitory and clustering effects of gene expression patterns across developmental time points.

Conclusions:

  • The developed analysis framework provides a quantitative method for studying spatial gene expression.
  • The approach is broadly applicable to various spatially-resolved transcriptomic datasets.
  • Offers novel insights into gene expression dynamics during human fetal pancreas development.