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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Efficiently Encoding Complex Biochemical Models with the Multistate Model Builder (MSMB).

Alida Palmisano1,2, Stefan Hoops3, Layne T Watson4,5,6

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. alida.palmisano@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biologists can now build complex molecular regulatory network models more easily using the Multistate Model Builder (MSMB). This tool simplifies model creation with a flexible syntax and provides feedback for accurate, efficient biological modeling.

Keywords:
Biological networksCOPASIChemical reaction systemsMathematical modelingModel editorMultistateSBMLSoftwareSystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Developing complex molecular regulatory network models is crucial for biological research.
  • Existing biochemical model editors often lack the flexibility and advanced features required for intricate modeling.
  • Model creation demands intuitive tools that accommodate diverse modeling styles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Multistate Model Builder (MSMB) as a novel tool for creating complex molecular regulatory network models.
  • To provide a flexible and user-friendly platform that simplifies the process of biological model development.
  • To reduce the cognitive load associated with model creation through an efficient syntax.

Main Methods:

  • Developed Multistate Model Builder (MSMB) with a simple yet powerful syntax for describing multistate species.
  • Implemented extensive feedback mechanisms and error notifications to guide users during model creation.
  • Enabled export of consistent models to standard formats such as Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) and COPASI.

Main Results:

  • The MSMB's multistate syntax significantly reduces the number of reactions required to encode models.
  • The tool effectively supports various modeling styles, catering to individual modeler preferences.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of MSMB through realistic models of cell cycle regulation and mRNA transcription.

Conclusions:

  • MSMB offers a more accessible and efficient approach to constructing complex biological models.
  • The software's design enhances user experience and model accuracy.
  • MSMB is an open-source Java project utilizing the COPASI API, available for broader scientific adoption.