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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
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Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

4.0K
Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
4.0K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.3K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
91.3K
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:28

Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

4.4K
Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
4.4K
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

3.4K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
3.4K

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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter
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Structurally simple trimesic amides as highly selective anion channels.

Lin Yuan1, Jie Shen, Ruijuan Ye

  • 1College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425100, China.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|April 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trimesic amide molecules show promise for anion transport. The TA12 channel selectively transports perchlorate anions across membranes, demonstrating potential for targeted anion delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Membrane Transport

Background:

  • Trimesic amide molecules are investigated for their potential in molecular recognition and transport.
  • Anion transport across biological and artificial membranes is crucial for various physiological and industrial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the anion transport capabilities of trimesic amide molecules.
  • To identify and characterize highly selective anion channels.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of trimesic amide derivatives.
  • Anion transport assays across lipid bilayers or similar membrane models.
  • Determination of transport selectivity and efficiency for various anions.

Main Results:

  • Trimesic amide molecules with peripheral alkyl chains exhibit anion-transport functions.
  • The TA12 channel demonstrates high efficiency and selectivity for perchlorate (ClO4-) anion transport.
  • A clear selectivity order for other anions was established: I- > NO3- > Br- > Cl-.

Conclusions:

  • Trimesic amide derivatives can be designed as effective anion channels.
  • The TA12 channel represents a promising candidate for selective perchlorate transport.
  • Further research could explore applications in sensing, separation, or therapeutic delivery.