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Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder, commonly affects the liver, causing mild, gluten-responsive transaminase elevation. This review explores the diverse liver manifestations and associated conditions in celiac patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease is a multisystem autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
  • Liver involvement in celiac disease, often presenting as celiac hepatitis with elevated transaminases, is a recognized but complex manifestation.
  • The pathogenesis of liver injury in celiac disease is thought to involve shared genetic factors and increased intestinal permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the spectrum of liver disorders associated with celiac disease.
  • To discuss the mechanisms underlying liver damage in celiac patients.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of recognizing liver manifestations in celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating celiac disease and liver disorders.
  • Analysis of clinical data and proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding the relationship between celiac disease and liver conditions.

Main Results:

  • Celiac hepatitis, characterized by mild, gluten-responsive transaminase elevation, is the most frequent liver manifestation.
  • Celiac disease can coexist with or be associated with various other chronic liver diseases.
  • Genetic predisposition and increased intestinal permeability are key proposed factors in the development of liver injury.

Conclusions:

  • Liver manifestations are an integral part of the multisystemic nature of celiac disease.
  • Understanding the spectrum of liver disorders in celiac disease is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
  • Further research into the pathogenetic links between celiac disease and liver injury is warranted.