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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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The Liver in Sickle Cell Disease.

Eleni Theocharidou1, Abid R Suddle1

  • 1Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sickle cell disease patients face liver complications like cirrhosis and failure due to sickling, viral hepatitis, and iron overload. Treatments include blood transfusions for acute issues and transplantation for chronic liver disease.

Keywords:
CholelithiasisIntrahepatic cholestasisIron overloadSickle cell hepatopathySickle hepatic crisisViral hepatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Hepatology
  • Transplantation

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are prone to liver disease from intrahepatic sickling, viral hepatitis, and iron overload.
  • Chronic hemolysis in SCD also leads to gallstone disease.
  • Liver disease in SCD is multifactorial, ranging from mild dysfunction to end-stage liver failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of liver disease in sickle cell disease patients.
  • To discuss potential treatment options for SCD-related liver complications.
  • To address the controversy surrounding prophylactic cholecystectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on sickle cell disease and liver complications.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for acute and chronic liver syndromes.
  • Evaluation of evidence regarding gallstone disease management.

Main Results:

  • Liver disease in SCD is diverse and often caused by multiple factors.
  • Exchange blood transfusions show promise for acute liver syndromes.
  • Liver transplantation is a viable option for end-stage liver disease.
  • The benefit of prophylactic cholecystectomy remains debated.

Conclusions:

  • Liver disease is a significant comorbidity in sickle cell disease.
  • Management strategies vary based on the specific liver complication and disease stage.
  • Further research is needed to clarify optimal treatment pathways, particularly for gallstone disease prevention.