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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering
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Diatom shell incorporated PHBV/PCL-pullulan co-electrospun scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Ali Deniz Dalgic1, Deniz Atila1, Ayten Karatas2

  • 1Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Turkey; MODSIMMER, Modeling and Simulation Research & Development Center, Middle East Technical University, Turkey.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Diatom shells (DS) and biopolymers create a novel 3D scaffold for bone tissue engineering. This biomaterial enhances cell viability and shows promise for bone regeneration applications.

Keywords:
Bone tissue engineeringCefuroxime AxetilCo-electrospinningDiatom shellPCLPHBVPullulan

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Microorganism-derived materials offer biocompatibility and biodegradability for tissue engineering.
  • Diatom shells (DS), composed of amorphous silica, are cost-efficient and promote bone regeneration due to their silicon content.
  • Combining DS with biopolymers like poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and pullulan (PUL) can yield advanced tissue engineering constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, multifunctional 3D fibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering using a co-electrospinning system.
  • To incorporate antibiotic-loaded diatom shells (DS) and biopolymers (PHBV/PCL and PUL) into the scaffold.
  • To investigate the controlled release of cefuroxime axetil (CA) and evaluate the scaffold's properties and in vitro performance.

Main Methods:

  • Co-electrospinning of PHBV/PCL fibers loaded with cefuroxime axetil (CA) and pullulan (PUL) fibers incorporated with diatom shells (DS).
  • Characterization of purified DS using ESCA, SEM, and EDX.
  • Evaluation of scaffold morphology, porosity, degradation, calcium deposition, water retention, and mechanical properties.
  • In vitro assessment of human osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cell viability, spreading, and distribution on the developed scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • The co-electrospun scaffolds exhibited both hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics.
  • Scaffolds containing DS demonstrated improved human osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cell viability.
  • Enhanced osteocompatibility with better cell spreading and distribution was observed in the DS-bearing scaffolds.
  • Controlled release of cefuroxime axetil (CA) from both DS and the scaffolds was investigated.

Conclusions:

  • The developed co-electrospun scaffold, incorporating diatom shells and biopolymers, is a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
  • The scaffold's unique properties, including enhanced cell viability and osteocompatibility, support its potential application in bone regeneration.
  • The combination of DS and biopolymers offers a versatile platform for developing advanced, multifunctional tissue engineering solutions.