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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Injectable chitosan/maltodextrin/microcrystalline cellulose hydrogels loaded with melatonin for intervertebral disc

Büşra Nur Yeşilyurt1, Mustafa Nakipoğlu2, Ayşen Tezcaner3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.

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This study developed an injectable melatonin-loaded hydrogel using chitosan, oxidized maltodextrin, and oxidized microcrystalline cellulose for intervertebral disc regeneration. The novel hydrogel enhanced cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, showing promise for treating disc degeneration.

Keywords:
Cartilage tissue engineeringChitosanInjectable hydrogelIntervertebral disc (IVD) regenerationMaltodextrinMelatoninMicrocrystalline celluloseNucleus pulposus

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc degeneration is a prevalent condition with limited regenerative capacity.
  • Current treatments for disc degeneration primarily manage symptoms rather than restore function.
  • Injectable hydrogels are emerging as promising therapeutic strategies for intervertebral disc regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize an injectable melatonin-loaded hydrogel for intervertebral disc regeneration.
  • To evaluate the impact of oxidized microcrystalline cellulose (ox-MCC) on hydrogel properties and performance.
  • To assess the biocompatibility and therapeutic potential of the melatonin-loaded hydrogel using nucleus pulposus cells.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an injectable hydrogel composite from chitosan (CS), oxidized maltodextrin (ox-MD), and oxidized microcrystalline cellulose (ox-MCC).
  • Characterization of hydrogel properties including gelation time, degradation, mechanical strength (Young's modulus), and melatonin release kinetics.
  • In vitro assessment of hydrogel cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis using bovine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells.

Main Results:

  • Incorporation of ox-MCC significantly reduced gelation time and improved hydrogel weight retention during degradation.
  • Increasing ox-MCC content enhanced hydrogel mechanical properties, with a six-fold increase in Young's modulus.
  • Melatonin-loaded hydrogels demonstrated non-toxicity, supported NP cell proliferation, and significantly increased glycosaminoglycan synthesis, with the highest levels observed in the melatonin-loaded formulation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed injectable melatonin-loaded hydrogel, incorporating ox-MCC, exhibits favorable physicochemical and mechanical properties.
  • The hydrogel formulation is biocompatible and effectively promotes nucleus pulposus cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis.
  • This melatonin-loaded hydrogel holds significant potential as a therapeutic agent for intervertebral disc regeneration.