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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Sickle Cell Disease and Stroke.

Deborah Hirtz1, Fenella J Kirkham2

  • 1University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.

Pediatric Neurology
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sickle cell disease frequently causes brain damage, including stroke and cognitive issues. While transfusions help, early risk assessment for neurocognitive complications is crucial for managing this condition.

Keywords:
Cerebral blood flowHemorrhageHydroxyureaSilent infarctionTranscranial DopplerTransfusion therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cerebral infarction is a frequent complication of sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • Neurological complications include overt stroke, cognitive impairment, and silent cerebral infarction on MRI.
  • Vasculopathy in SCD can be diagnosed via transcranial Doppler or MRA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors for neurological complications in SCD.
  • To discuss current management strategies and their effectiveness.
  • To highlight the importance of early neurocognitive risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on SCD neurological complications.
  • Analysis of risk factors such as anemia, acute chest crisis, and reticulocytosis.
  • Examination of neuroimaging techniques like MRI and transcranial Doppler.

Main Results:

  • Overlapping risk factors exist for various neurological complications in SCD.
  • Severe anemia, acute chest crisis, and low oxygen saturation are common risk factors.
  • Regular blood transfusions reduce but do not eliminate neurological risks.

Conclusions:

  • Neurological complications are significant in SCD, with overlapping risk factors.
  • Further research is needed on hydroxyurea and other management strategies.
  • Early assessment of neurocognitive complications is vital for SCD patient management.