Grape Seed Extract Reduces Active Gelatinases Using an Etch-and-Rinse Mode Universal Adhesive

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Biochemistry
• Adhesion Science

Background:

• Universal adhesives are crucial in modern dentistry for bonding restorative materials to tooth structure.
• Active gelatinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), can degrade the hybrid layer, compromising bond durability.
• Grape seed extract (GSE) is a natural compound with known antioxidant and MMP-inhibitory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) pretreatment in reducing active gelatinases when using universal adhesives with the etch-and-rinse technique.
• To evaluate the impact of GSE on MMP-2 activity and gelatinase localization within the hybrid layer.

Main Methods:

• Fifty human teeth were used, with dentin analyzed for MMP-2 via ELISA and in situ zymography employed to visualize active gelatinases in resin-dentin slices.
• Specimens were divided into groups: control, phosphoric acid etched, universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal/SBU, G-Premio Bond/GPB) alone, and universal adhesives after GSE pretreatment.
• Quantitative fluorescence intensity analysis was performed, and data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni's test.

Main Results:

• Both SBU and GPB reduced active MMP-2 in dentin matrices when used in etch-and-rinse mode.
• GSE pretreatment further significantly reduced active MMP-2 with GPB, as confirmed by ELISA.
• In situ zymography and fluorescence analysis showed a significant reduction in active gelatinases within the hybrid layer when GPB was pretreated with GSE compared to GPB alone.

Conclusions:

• Grape seed extract (GSE) demonstrates potential in reducing active gelatinases, particularly within the hybrid layer, offering enhanced benefits with hydrophobic adhesives.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanism of action, assess bond strength, and determine the long-term clinical efficacy of GSE pretreatment.