[Iodinated contrast medium in patients with thyroid disorders].

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Radiology

Background:

• Adequate iodine intake is crucial for thyroid function.
• Sudden high iodine exposure from iodinated contrast media (CM) can disrupt thyroid function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review literature on iodinated CM effects on thyroid function.
• To assess risks of CM-induced hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
• To outline clinical practices for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CM-induced hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on iodinated contrast media and thyroid function.
• Analysis of CM-induced hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism risks.
• Summary of clinical guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Main Results:

• CM-induced hyperthyroidism occurs in less than 0.5% of cases.
• Older patients (>60 years) with autonomous thyroid disease and cardiac conditions are at higher risk.
• Iodine-induced hypothyroidism is more common in iodine-sufficient regions and in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.
• Iodinated CM can interfere with thyroid diagnostic and treatment procedures for up to two months.

Conclusions:

• Prophylaxis or careful monitoring is recommended for at-risk patients before CM use.
• CM use is contraindicated in patients with overt hyperthyroidism.
• Iodinated CM can significantly impact subsequent nuclear medicine thyroid procedures.