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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

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An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse
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Enteric Glia: S100, GFAP, and Beyond.

David Grundmann1, Eva Loris1, Silke Maas-Omlor1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Enteric glial cells (EGCs) in the gut nervous system exhibit diverse types and functions, similar to central nervous system glia. EGC populations are species-specific, with notable differences in markers like GFAP between rodents and humans.

Keywords:
GFAPNG2PLP-1S100enteric glia

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Area of Science:

  • Gastrointestinal research
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • The enteric nervous system (ENS) is increasingly studied, with recent focus shifting to enteric glial cells (EGCs).
  • EGCs, similar to central nervous system (CNS) astrocytes, display significant diversity in type, morphology, and protein expression (e.g., GFAP, S100, PLP1).
  • This heterogeneity suggests versatile roles in gut function during health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diversity and characteristics of enteric glial cells (EGCs).
  • To compare EGC markers and populations between species, particularly rodents and humans.
  • To understand the functional implications of EGC heterogeneity in the gastrointestinal tract.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of glial cell morphology and protein expression (GFAP, S100, PLP1, NG2, PDGFRα) in the ENS.
  • Investigation of marker colocalization (NG2 with S100, GFAP, PDGFRα).
  • Comparative analysis of EGC populations across different species, including human and rodent gut samples.

Main Results:

  • EGCs exhibit diverse types, analogous to CNS glia, with varied morphology and protein expression.
  • NG2, a CNS glial marker, does not colocalize with S100 or GFAP in the ENS but partially colocalizes with PDGFRα.
  • Significant species-specific differences were observed; GFAP is consistently found in rodent ENS but only in compromised human ENS.

Conclusions:

  • The enteric glial cell population is highly complex and species-specific, mirroring the diversity found in CNS glia.
  • Understanding EGC heterogeneity is crucial for comprehending gut function and disease.
  • Differences in glial markers like GFAP highlight the need for species-specific approaches in gastrointestinal research.