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Natural deep eutectic solvents for sample preparation prior to elemental analysis by plasma-based techniques.

Ana P R Santana1, Daniel F Andrade2, Jorge A Mora-Vargas3

  • 1São Paulo State University (UNESP), National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.

Talanta
|April 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were synthesized and utilized for ultrasound-assisted extraction of plant samples. This NADES-UAE method shows promise for elemental analysis, offering an alternative to traditional techniques.

Keywords:
Green solventInductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryInductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometryNADES solventPlant materialsUltrasound assisted extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) offer a sustainable alternative to conventional solvents.
  • Efficient extraction of elemental analytes from complex plant matrices is crucial for accurate analysis.
  • Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a widely used technique for sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize NADES based on xylitol, citric acid, and malic acid.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of NADES in ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for elemental analysis of plant samples.
  • To compare NADES-UAE with microwave-assisted acid digestion (MW-AD) for elemental extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of NADES using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • Measurement of NADES density and viscosity.
  • Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of plant samples using NADES as the solvent.
  • Elemental analysis of extracts using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES).

Main Results:

  • NADES formation was confirmed by characteristic infrared bands and hydrogen bonding.
  • Thermal analysis indicated decomposition temperatures around 170°C.
  • Extraction recoveries for most analytes ranged from 80% to 120%.
  • NADES-UAE showed comparable results to MW-AD for some elements, with differences attributed to matrix interactions.

Conclusions:

  • NADES are effectively synthesized and characterized.
  • UAE using NADES is a viable and promising technique for elemental extraction from plant samples.
  • NADES-UAE offers a potentially greener alternative for sample preparation in elemental analysis.