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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

20.9K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
20.9K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.3K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
3.3K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.0K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.0K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.9K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.8K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

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Active sculpting of colloidal crystals.

S Das1, M Lee Bowers1, C Bakker1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Light-activated colloidal crystals form tunable gaps via a solid-gas transition. This self-propulsion differs from effective temperature systems, enabling controlled fluid transport within solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Active Matter Physics
  • Soft Condensed Matter
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Self-propelled colloidal particles responding to light are a novel area in active matter.
  • Crystalline colloidal aggregates offer a structured platform for studying light-induced phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically simulate and explore properties of light-activated crystalline colloidal aggregates.
  • To investigate the formation of tunable gaps via light-induced phase transitions.
  • To compare light-driven self-propulsion with effective temperature models and analyze fluid transport.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of crystalline colloidal aggregates under external light fields.
  • Analysis of solid-gas phase transitions triggered by light intensity.
  • Comparative study with systems using effective temperature instead of self-propulsion.

Main Results:

  • Permanent, tunable gaps can be created in colloidal crystals above a threshold light intensity.
  • A light-induced solid-gas transition drives the formation of these gaps.
  • Moving light fields enable controlled transport of fluid components into or across solid structures.

Conclusions:

  • Light-activated colloidal crystals exhibit unique phase transitions and tunable structural modifications.
  • Self-propulsion offers distinct mechanisms compared to effective temperature for controlling colloidal systems.
  • The study demonstrates potential for light-controlled manipulation and transport of matter within colloidal assemblies.