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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Temporomandibular joint disc perforation: a retrospective study.

V Machon1, J Levorova1, D Hirjak2

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|April 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc perforation found stress and parafunctional activities are common causes. Arthroscopic lavage showed better outcomes for central perforations than distal ones.

Keywords:
disc perforationretrospective studytemporomandibular joint

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Disc perforation is a significant temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condition.
  • Understanding etiological factors and arthroscopic findings is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate disc perforation in patients undergoing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy.
  • To analyze etiological factors, clinical symptoms, arthroscopic findings, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 35 joints in 33 patients with diagnosed TMJ disc perforation.
  • Classification into distal perforation (DP) and central perforation (CP) groups.
  • Evaluation of clinical data, arthroscopic findings, and outcomes of arthroscopic lavage.

Main Results:

  • Stress and parafunctional activities were the most frequent etiological factors.
  • Hyperemia of the bilaminar zone and synovial tissue was a common arthroscopic finding.
  • Arthroscopic lysis and lavage showed better outcomes in the CP group (72% satisfactory results at 12 months).

Conclusions:

  • Distal perforation is often linked to anterior disc dislocation, while central perforation relates to chronic inflammation.
  • Arthroscopic lavage is a satisfactory treatment for TMJ disc perforation, particularly in central cases.